Indigenous self-determination is the recognised right of all people to freely determine their political status, and pursue their economic, social and cultural development. By looking at indigeneity and the experience of colonisation: from Australia to the Solomons, to the USA and Canada, to the Nordic Saami, the authors challenge readers to (re)consider the meanings of self-determination and their implications for community development - and to explore what self-determination might be, particularly in Australia.