"Science in fiction," "geek novels," "lab-lit"-whatever one calls them, novels about science open a creative space in which the reading public can experience and think critically about the powers of science to illuminate and transform nature and to create and mitigate social risks. The essays in Under the Literary Microscope examine the sociological and literary implications of the discourse taking place in and around this space, focusing on the interactions between processes of knowledge formation and the socioeconomic and political spheres. The past few decades have seen a proliferation of novels about science in anglophone literature that move beyond the stereotypes that dominated portrayals of science throughout most of the twentieth century. Exploring the work of novelists such as Barbara Kingsolver, Richard Powers, Ian McEwan, Ann Patchett, Allegra Goodman, and Karen Joy Fowler, the contributors to this volume discuss the most prevalent scientific and social themes in new fiction about science; how the novel's intrinsic formal features allow for the interweaving of the conflicting social and scientific discourses; and fiction's responses to contemporary issues in science and technology, such as artificial intelligence, genomics, and climate change. Perfectly structured for use in classes on science in literature, Under the Literary Microscope sheds light on and opens new avenues of inquiry into the intersections of science and society, science communication, and science education. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Anna Auguscik, Jay Clayton, Carol Colatrella, Sonja Fucker, Raymond Haynes, Luz Maria Hernandez Nieto, Emanuel Herold, Karin Hoepker, Anton Kirchhofer, Antje Kley, Natalie Roxburgh, Uwe Schimank, Sherryl Vint, and Peter Weingart.