Examining all aspects of transport in Ancient Egypt, both on land and on water, this work shows how, without the Nile, Egypt would be no more than a desert. The river was far more than just a source of water; it was the main highway through the country, a feature quickly to be exploited to the full by the Ancient Egyptians. Running the length of the country, it afforded good communications and played no small part in the unification of Egypt around 3100 BC, and the success of a civilization which was to last for 3000 years.