This is an analytical catalogue of over 100 Dutch paintings owned by the Prado Museum including the landscapes of Jan Both and Herman Van Swanevelt. Most of these paintings belonged to the Royal collection and were purchased mainly during the XVIIIth century. The most outstanding of these is 'Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes', a masterpiece by Rembrandt. As a sample of intimate and personal portraits, we have 'Petronella de Waert', by Gerard Ter Borch; and among animal paintings, one of the most characteristics genres of the Netherlands, 'Dead Cock', by Gabriel Wouwerman and Adrien van Ostade. Highlights are small and marine landscapes, so characteristic of Dutch painting of that time.